Plot

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Example: The Monkey's Paw by W.W. Jacobs

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1. Exposition - when the son, Mr. White and Mrs. White were introduced. The setting was in their home 

2. Complication - when Mr. White lost in chess against his son.

3. Crisis - when Sgt. Morris told Mr. white about the monkey's paw.

4. Climax - when Mr. White wished for 200 pounds using the monkey's paw.

5. Denouement - when Mr. White used his last wish 

6. End - the ending for the monkey's paw is open-ended.

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Character and Characterization 

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Direct Characterization 

Example: Justin was a timid and shy boy.

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Indirect Characterization

Example: Justin didn't talk to most people, he would always hide behind his books.

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Setting and Atmosphere

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Example: It was dark and cold. No windows were inside the cell. Only four hard walls and a metal door which was closed shut every time of the day. 

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Irony and Dialogue 

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Verbal Irony 

Example: "Thanks for breaking my camera!" said John.

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Situational Irony

Example: Drake and Josh both had a wonderful relationship. They were the best of friends. One day Josh wanted to introduce Drake to his girlfriend. To his surprise he saw his own girlfriend. Drake and Josh both dumped the girl. 

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Dramatic Irony 

Example: In the movie "Saw" where the victims don't know why those things are happening to them but the audience knows.

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Symbols and Symbolism

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Example: The Philippine Flag - the three stars on the left side of the flag symbolize Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The eight rays of the sun in the middle of the three stars symbolize the eight provinces that first fought the Spaniards. The blue part of the flag symbolizes peace while the red part symbolizes war. The blue part of the flag is always above if the red part of the flag is raised then it means that the Philippines is in war.